虚拟语气的用法需要注意的地方总结

2023-02-16 14:26:35

虚拟语气的用法需要注意的地方总结
1. l would/should/could/might主句谓语中的should主要用于第一人称后;would表示结果还表示过去经常常常做某事,might表示可能性,could表示能力、允许或可能性。比较: 
If you tried again, you would succeed. 要是你再试一试,你就会成功的。 (would表结果) 
If you tried again, you might succeed. 要是你再试一试,你可能会成功的。 (might表可能) 
If you tried again, you could succeed. 要是你再试一试,你就能成功了。(could表能力) 
2. 错综时间虚拟条件句 即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致,如从句指过去,而主句即指的是现在或将来,此时应根据具体的语境情况,结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作相应的调整: 
If it had rained last night, the ground would be wet now.  
要是昨晚下过雨的话,现在地面就会是湿的。
You would be much better now if you had taken my advice.  
假若你当时听我的话,你现在就会好多了。 
3. If虚拟条件句的否定(含蓄条件句) 常考两个句型:If it weren’t for…和If it hadn’t been for…,其意为“若不是(有)” “要不是”。如: 

If it weren’t for water, no plant could grow. 要是没有水植物就无法生长。 

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If it hadn’t been for your assistance, we wouldn’t have succeeded.=But for your assistance, we wouldn’t have succeeded.=Without your assistance, we wouldn’t have succeeded.  要是没有你的支持,我们也不会成功的。
要不是你的帮助,我们是不会成功的。
4. If虚拟条件句的倒装形式,即把were, had, should置于句首。例: 
Were I in school again (= If I were in school again), I would study harder. 
如果我再上学,我一定更加努力地学习。
Had you asked me, I would have told you. (=If you had asked me,…) 要是你问我的话,我就告诉你了。

[小试牛刀]
1.I _______ use a clock to wake me up because at six o’clock each morning the train comes by my house.
A. couldn’t            B. mustn’t C. shouldn’t        D. needn’t
2.You didn’t let me drive. If we _______ in turn, you _______ so tired.
    A. drove; didn’t get              B. drove; wouldn’t get
    C. were driving; wouldn’t get      D. had driven; wouldn’t have got
3.Were it not for the debt, we _______ a happy life.
A. are living          B. would live        C. were living        D. will live
4.The doctor recommended that you _______ swim after eating a large meal.  
A. wouldn’t  B. couldn’t    C. needn’t    D. shouldn’t  
5. I followed his advice that I _______ my study plan.
A. changed        B. would change      C. change      D. had changed
【答案与解析】
1. D 【解析】根据下文“at six o’clock each morning the train comes by my house(每天早上六点有火车从我家附近驶过)”所以我没有必要让闹钟叫醒我。
2. D 【解析】根据句中的 didn’t let me drive 可知,这是一个与过去事实相反的虚拟语气句,条件句的谓语用 had+过去分词,主句谓语用 would have+过去分词。句意:你没有让我来开车。如果我们轮流开车的话,你也不会是那样累的。
3. B 【解析】省略if连接词的条件状语从句,因此助动词were提前放在句首。根据were可以判断这个句子是对现在情况进行假设的虚拟句,因此主句用“would+动词原形”。故选B。句意:要不是负债的话,我们(现在)会过着幸福生活的。
4. D 【解析】recommend的宾语从句中用虚拟语气既:(should)+动词原形,所以答案为D。句意:医生建议,你饱餐后不应当去游泳。
5. C 【解析】advice同位语从句应用虚拟语气。句意:我听从了他的建议改变了学习计划。

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